rdev/internal/adapter/postgres/rate_limiter.go

// Package postgres provides PostgreSQL-based implementations of port interfaces.
package postgres

import (
	"context"
	"database/sql"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"log/slog"
	"time"

	"github.com/orchard9/rdev/internal/domain"
	"github.com/orchard9/rdev/internal/port"
)

// RateLimiter implements port.RateLimiter using PostgreSQL.
type RateLimiter struct {
	db *sql.DB
}

// NewRateLimiter creates a new PostgreSQL rate limiter.
func NewRateLimiter(db *sql.DB) *RateLimiter {
	return &RateLimiter{db: db}
}

// Ensure RateLimiter implements port.RateLimiter at compile time.
var _ port.RateLimiter = (*RateLimiter)(nil)

// CheckLimit checks if a request is allowed under the rate limit.
func (r *RateLimiter) CheckLimit(ctx context.Context, keyID string) (*domain.RateLimitResult, error) {
	now := time.Now()
	minuteWindow := domain.TruncateToMinute(now)
	hourWindow := domain.TruncateToHour(now)

	// Get rate limits for this key
	limits, err := r.GetLimits(ctx, keyID)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get limits: %w", err)
	}

	// Get current usage for minute window
	minuteCount, err := r.getWindowCount(ctx, keyID, minuteWindow, domain.WindowTypeMinute)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get minute count: %w", err)
	}

	// Get current usage for hour window
	hourCount, err := r.getWindowCount(ctx, keyID, hourWindow, domain.WindowTypeHour)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get hour count: %w", err)
	}

	result := &domain.RateLimitResult{
		LimitMinute:     limits.PerMinute,
		LimitHour:       limits.PerHour,
		RemainingMinute: limits.PerMinute - minuteCount,
		RemainingHour:   limits.PerHour - hourCount,
		ResetMinute:     minuteWindow.Add(time.Minute),
		ResetHour:       hourWindow.Add(time.Hour),
	}

	// Ensure remaining doesn't go negative
	if result.RemainingMinute < 0 {
		result.RemainingMinute = 0
	}
	if result.RemainingHour < 0 {
		result.RemainingHour = 0
	}

	// Check if either limit is exceeded
	if minuteCount >= limits.PerMinute {
		result.Allowed = false
		result.RetryAfter = time.Until(result.ResetMinute)
		if result.RetryAfter < 0 {
			result.RetryAfter = time.Second
		}
		return result, nil
	}

	if hourCount >= limits.PerHour {
		result.Allowed = false
		result.RetryAfter = time.Until(result.ResetHour)
		if result.RetryAfter < 0 {
			result.RetryAfter = time.Second
		}
		return result, nil
	}

	result.Allowed = true
	return result, nil
}

// RecordRequest records that a request was made for the given API key.
func (r *RateLimiter) RecordRequest(ctx context.Context, keyID string) error {
	now := time.Now()
	minuteWindow := domain.TruncateToMinute(now)
	hourWindow := domain.TruncateToHour(now)

	// Use a transaction to update both windows atomically
	tx, err := r.db.BeginTx(ctx, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("begin tx: %w", err)
	}
	defer func() { _ = tx.Rollback() }()

	// Upsert minute window
	if err := r.upsertWindow(ctx, tx, keyID, minuteWindow, domain.WindowTypeMinute); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("upsert minute window: %w", err)
	}

	// Upsert hour window
	if err := r.upsertWindow(ctx, tx, keyID, hourWindow, domain.WindowTypeHour); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("upsert hour window: %w", err)
	}

	if err := tx.Commit(); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("commit: %w", err)
	}

	return nil
}

// GetLimits retrieves the rate limit configuration for an API key.
func (r *RateLimiter) GetLimits(ctx context.Context, keyID string) (*domain.RateLimitConfig, error) {
	var perMinute, perHour sql.NullInt64

	err := r.db.QueryRowContext(ctx, `
		SELECT rate_limit_per_minute, rate_limit_per_hour
		FROM api_keys
		WHERE id = $1
	`, keyID).Scan(&perMinute, &perHour)

	if errors.Is(err, sql.ErrNoRows) {
		// Key not found, return defaults
		defaults := domain.DefaultRateLimitConfig()
		return &defaults, nil
	}
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("query limits: %w", err)
	}

	config := domain.DefaultRateLimitConfig()
	if perMinute.Valid {
		config.PerMinute = int(perMinute.Int64)
	}
	if perHour.Valid {
		config.PerHour = int(perHour.Int64)
	}

	return &config, nil
}

// Cleanup removes expired rate limit state entries.
func (r *RateLimiter) Cleanup(ctx context.Context) error {
	// Remove entries older than 2 hours (well past any active window)
	cutoff := time.Now().Add(-2 * time.Hour)

	result, err := r.db.ExecContext(ctx, `
		DELETE FROM rate_limit_state
		WHERE window_start < $1
	`, cutoff)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("delete old entries: %w", err)
	}

	rows, _ := result.RowsAffected()
	if rows > 0 {
		// Log cleanup (optional, could use structured logging)
		_ = rows
	}

	return nil
}

// getWindowCount returns the request count for a specific window.
func (r *RateLimiter) getWindowCount(ctx context.Context, keyID string, windowStart time.Time, windowType string) (int, error) {
	var count int
	err := r.db.QueryRowContext(ctx, `
		SELECT COALESCE(request_count, 0)
		FROM rate_limit_state
		WHERE api_key_id = $1 AND window_start = $2 AND window_type = $3
	`, keyID, windowStart, windowType).Scan(&count)

	if errors.Is(err, sql.ErrNoRows) {
		return 0, nil
	}
	if err != nil {
		return 0, fmt.Errorf("query count: %w", err)
	}

	return count, nil
}

// upsertWindow inserts or updates a rate limit window.
func (r *RateLimiter) upsertWindow(ctx context.Context, tx *sql.Tx, keyID string, windowStart time.Time, windowType string) error {
	_, err := tx.ExecContext(ctx, `
		INSERT INTO rate_limit_state (api_key_id, window_start, window_type, request_count, updated_at)
		VALUES ($1, $2, $3, 1, NOW())
		ON CONFLICT (api_key_id, window_start, window_type)
		DO UPDATE SET request_count = rate_limit_state.request_count + 1, updated_at = NOW()
	`, keyID, windowStart, windowType)

	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("upsert: %w", err)
	}

	return nil
}

// StartCleanupWorker starts a background goroutine that periodically cleans up expired entries.
// Returns a stop function to terminate the worker.
func (r *RateLimiter) StartCleanupWorker(ctx context.Context, interval time.Duration) func() {
	stopCh := make(chan struct{})

	go func() {
		ticker := time.NewTicker(interval)
		defer ticker.Stop()

		for {
			select {
			case <-ctx.Done():
				return
			case <-stopCh:
				return
			case <-ticker.C:
				if err := r.Cleanup(ctx); err != nil {
					slog.Error("rate limit cleanup failed", "error", err)
				}
			}
		}
	}()

	return func() {
		close(stopCh)
	}
}