tidaldb/docs/ops/monitoring.md

Monitoring

This document covers tidalDB's built-in Prometheus metrics endpoint, all exposed metrics, and recommended alerting thresholds.

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Setup

Enable the metrics HTTP server via the builder:

let db = TidalDb::builder()
    .with_data_dir("/var/lib/tidaldb")
    .with_schema(schema)
    .enable_metrics("127.0.0.1:9090")
    .open()?;

// Discover the bound address (useful when using port 0):
if let Some(addr) = db.metrics_addr() {
    println!("metrics at http://{}/metrics", addr);
    println!("health at http://{}/healthz", addr);
}

Security: The metrics endpoint has no authentication. Bind to 127.0.0.1 (loopback) only. If you need to scrape from a remote Prometheus server, use your infrastructure's network controls (SSH tunnel, reverse proxy with auth, or VPN) rather than binding to 0.0.0.0. tidalDB logs a WARN-level message if you bind to a non-loopback address.

Feature flag: The metrics HTTP server requires the metrics feature, which is enabled by default. Build with --no-default-features to disable the HTTP server entirely. Base metrics (uptime_seconds, health_ok, info, checkpoint_failures_total) are always compiled regardless of the feature flag.

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Endpoints

Path	Content-Type	Description
/metrics	text/plain	Prometheus text exposition format
/healthz	application/json	JSON health check: {"status":"ok","uptime_seconds":123.456,"version":"0.1.0","build_hash":"..."}

---

Prometheus Scrape Configuration

scrape_configs:
  - job_name: 'tidaldb'
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['127.0.0.1:9090']
    scrape_interval: 15s

---

Metrics Reference

All metrics use the tidaldb_ prefix. Metrics marked with "(feature-gated)" are only emitted when the metrics Cargo feature is enabled (default: enabled).

Build and Health

Metric	Type	Description	Labels
tidaldb_uptime_seconds	gauge	Seconds since the database was opened. Monotonically increasing.	partition_id="0"
tidaldb_health_ok	gauge	Whether the database is healthy. 1 = ok, 0 = degraded or closed.	partition_id="0"
tidaldb_info	gauge	Build and version information. Always 1.	version, build_hash, partition_id="0"

Normal range for tidaldb_health_ok: Always 1 during normal operation. Drops to 0 during shutdown or if an internal health check fails. Alert immediately if 0 during expected uptime.

Signal System (feature-gated)

Metric	Type	Unit	Description
tidaldb_signal_writes_total	counter	count	Total signal writes since database open. Includes all signal types across all entities.
tidaldb_signal_hot_entries	gauge	count	Number of entries currently in the signal ledger hot tier (DashMap). Each entry is one (entity_id, signal_type_id) pair.
tidaldb_signal_write_latency_us	histogram	microseconds	Signal write latency distribution. Bucket boundaries: 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 250, 500, 1000, 5000, 10000 microseconds.

Normal range for signal_hot_entries: Proportional to active_entities * signal_types_per_entity. The hot tier is trimmed at 5M entries (DEFAULT_MAX_SIGNAL_ENTRIES). Alert if approaching 80% of budget (4M entries).

Normal range for signal_write_latency_us: p50 should be < 50us, p99 should be < 1ms. If p99 exceeds 5ms, investigate WAL write latency or DashMap contention.

WAL and Checkpoint (feature-gated)

Metric	Type	Unit	Description
tidaldb_wal_lag_bytes	gauge	bytes	Total bytes of WAL segment files not yet compacted. Updated after each checkpoint cycle.
tidaldb_wal_compacted_segments_total	counter	count	Total WAL segments deleted by compaction since database open.
tidaldb_checkpoint_age_seconds	gauge	seconds	Seconds since the last successful signal checkpoint. Derived from last_checkpoint_ns at render time.
tidaldb_checkpoint_failures_total	counter	count	Total number of failed periodic signal checkpoints. Not feature-gated -- always emitted.

Normal range for checkpoint_age_seconds: Should stay below 60 seconds (checkpoint runs every 30 seconds, with some jitter from the 500ms poll interval). Alert if > 300 seconds (5 minutes) -- the checkpoint thread may be stuck or the storage engine is under pressure.

Normal range for wal_lag_bytes: Depends on signal write rate. At 1K signals/sec, expect ~1.2 MB of WAL per 30-second checkpoint cycle. Alert if > 1 GB -- compaction may be failing.

Normal range for checkpoint_failures_total: Should be 0. Any non-zero value means signal durability is at risk -- the hot tier is not being persisted. Investigate storage errors (disk full, I/O errors).

Cluster mode: per-region replication lag is exported as Prometheus series since m11p1 (tidaldb_cluster_peer_ship_queue_depth and tidaldb_cluster_peer_acked_seqno, labeled by peer_shard; the quorum lag is tidaldb_cluster_relay_last_seq − tidaldb_cluster_relay_durable_seq) — see Cluster Replication below. It is also observable via the cluster HTTP surface (GET /cluster/status, each region's lag_events); a growing value flags a partitioned or wedged follower. See the cluster runbook.

Index Health (feature-gated)

Metric	Type	Unit	Description
tidaldb_tantivy_segment_count	gauge	count	Number of Tantivy index segments for the items text index.
tidaldb_tantivy_indexed_docs	gauge	count	Number of documents indexed in the items Tantivy text index.
tidaldb_usearch_index_size_bytes	gauge	bytes	Estimated total byte size of all USearch vector index files (f16).
tidaldb_usearch_vector_count	gauge	count	Number of vectors stored across all USearch indexes.
tidaldb_bitmap_index_cardinality	gauge	count	Total entity IDs across all four bitmap indexes (category + format + creator + tag).

Index health metrics are refreshed every 10 seconds by the checkpoint thread (3x more frequently than checkpoints) so operators get near-real-time visibility.

Normal range for tantivy_segment_count: Should stay below 20 during normal operation. Tantivy merges segments in the background. If segment count grows unbounded, the text syncer thread may have stalled.

Normal range for usearch_vector_count: Should match the number of entities with embeddings written via write_item_embedding() or write_creator_embedding().

Session Lifecycle (feature-gated)

Metric	Type	Unit	Description
tidaldb_active_sessions	gauge	count	Number of currently active agent sessions.
tidaldb_closed_sessions_total	counter	count	Total agent sessions closed (explicitly or by sweeper) since database open.
tidaldb_session_auto_closed_total	counter	count	Total sessions auto-closed by the TTL sweeper due to exceeding max_session_duration.

Normal range for active_sessions: Depends on your application's agent concurrency. Each open session consumes memory for signal state tracking. Alert if this grows unbounded -- agents may be leaking sessions (opening without closing).

Rate Limiting and Degradation (feature-gated)

Metric	Type	Unit	Description
tidaldb_rate_limited_total	counter	count	Total signal write requests rejected due to per-agent rate limits since database open.
tidaldb_degradation_level	gauge	level	Current graceful degradation level. 0 = full quality, 1 = reduced candidates, 2 = coarse aggregates, 3 = no diversity enforcement.

Normal range for degradation_level: Should be 0 during normal operation. Any value > 0 means the load detector has triggered degradation to protect latency. Investigate system load (CPU, memory pressure, I/O saturation).

Cluster Replication (feature-gated, m11p1–m11p5)

Emitted only on cluster nodes (the series activate when cluster mode takes the metrics handle; standalone deployments keep their exact metric surface). In multi-process cluster mode the listener binds the topology's per-region metrics_addr (or, for a seed-joined node, the --metrics flag).

Metric	Type	Unit	Description
tidaldb_cluster_ship_rtt_us	histogram	microseconds	Replication batch ship round-trip time, all peers. Bucket boundaries: 100µs–10s.
tidaldb_cluster_ship_batch_events	histogram	events	Events per shipped replication batch (batching effectiveness; 1 = no coalescing).
tidaldb_cluster_wal_fsync_us	histogram	microseconds	WAL group-commit fsync wall time. The load-bearing number behind wal.batch_timeout_ms tuning.
tidaldb_cluster_group_commit_events	histogram	events	Events per WAL group-commit batch (fsync amortization; 1 = every write pays a solo fsync).
tidaldb_cluster_write_pool_depth	gauge	count	Queued cluster write jobs awaiting a pool worker.
tidaldb_cluster_write_pool_rejections_total	counter	count	Write submissions shed with backpressure (HTTP 429).
tidaldb_cluster_relay_last_seq	gauge	seqno	Leader stream high-water mark. Since m11p2 the stream is the WAL itself, so this reports the WAL flushed frontier.
tidaldb_cluster_relay_durable_seq	gauge	seqno	The quorum commit index (m11p3): highest seqno a majority of the replica set durably holds. relay_last_seq − relay_durable_seq is the cluster's quorum lag.
tidaldb_cluster_quorum_timeouts_total	counter	writes	ack=quorum writes that timed out awaiting the commit index (each returned a retryable 503 naming the laggards).
tidaldb_cluster_peer_acked_seqno	gauge	seqno	Per peer (peer_shard label): contiguous frontier accepted by the peer's transport.
tidaldb_cluster_peer_ship_queue_depth	gauge	events	Per peer: relay_last_seq − acked — flushed events not yet accepted (or self-reported applied) by this peer.
tidaldb_cluster_peer_ship_batches_total	counter	count	Per peer: batches shipped.
tidaldb_cluster_peer_ship_events_total	counter	count	Per peer: events shipped.
tidaldb_cluster_peer_ship_failures_total	counter	count	Per peer: failed batch ship attempts (transient + permanent).
tidaldb_cluster_election_term (m11p4)	gauge	term	This node's current election term (0 = the pre-election "topology era").
tidaldb_cluster_election_role (m11p4)	gauge	enum	Election role: 0 follower, 1 pre-candidate, 2 candidate, 3 leader.
tidaldb_cluster_elections_started_total (m11p4)	counter	count	Elections (pre-vote rounds) this node has started. A nonzero rate() under a stable cluster flags election churn (flapping links).
tidaldb_cluster_leader_changes_total (m11p4)	counter	count	Leadership changes this node has observed.
tidaldb_cluster_divergence_quarantined (m11p4)	gauge	bool	Divergent-suffix quarantine latch (1 = fenced from the data plane). Clears only after a genuine reseed (m11p5).
tidaldb_cluster_reseed_required (m11p5)	gauge	bool	Durable reseed-marker latch (1 = a snapshot reseed is pending the next boot).
tidaldb_cluster_snapshot_staged (m11p5)	gauge	seqno	Seq of the currently-staged snapshot artifact (0 = none staged).
tidaldb_cluster_snapshot_fetches_total (m11p5)	counter	count	FetchSnapshot streams served as the leader-side snapshot source.
tidaldb_cluster_snapshot_pin_force_drops_total (m11p5)	counter	count	Staged-artifact retention pins force-dropped past the hard cap (a dead joiner that never released — alert: a stuck reseed is freezing compaction).
tidaldb_cluster_remove_delivery_giveups_total (m11p5)	counter	count	Removal-delivery graces that expired before the removed peer acked the Removed record (the node was down/unreachable during decommission).

Membership conf-version + learner promotion are exposed as /cluster/status/local JSON fields (membership_version, promotion_pending (lag=N)), not registered Prometheus series — poll the status surface for scale-up progress and a stuck learner.

Security signals (m11p7) — log/tracing, not metrics

m11p7's security observability is structured logs, not new tidaldb_cluster_* series:

• Admin audit — the tidal_audit tracing target (and, when set, the TIDAL_AUDIT_LOG JSONL file) carries one record per admin verb: {principal, verb, target, term, outcome}. Scrape this target into your log pipeline; alert on outcome values starting error: or rejected, and on any promote / member_remove whose principal is unexpected.
• Cert rotation — an INFO log TLS material rotated… (gRPC) / inter-node HTTP server cert hot-swapped (HTTP) marks each hot-swap; a WARN TLS rotation poll failed / peer-channel rebuild failed means a rotation did NOT take (a half-written cert mid-roll, or a bad CA) — the node keeps the prior cert. Alert on the WARN.
• TLS handshake rejections — a foreign pod / bad client cert / plaintext probe logs at DEBUG (rejected inbound gRPC handshake… / HTTP TLS handshake rejected). A burst is a probing/misconfiguration signal; raise the log level to observe it.
• Rate-limit denials — reuse the existing 429 signal: a per-principal deny is a 429 with Retry-After on the protected routes (distinct from the write-pool 429 — the body says rate limit exceeded).

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Recommended Alerts

Alert Name	Condition	Severity	Meaning
TidalDB Down	tidaldb_health_ok == 0	Critical	Database is unhealthy or shut down. Immediate investigation required.
Checkpoint Stale	tidaldb_checkpoint_age_seconds > 300	Warning	Checkpoint has not run in 5+ minutes. Signal durability at risk. Check storage I/O and disk space.
Checkpoint Failures	tidaldb_checkpoint_failures_total > 0	Warning	At least one checkpoint has failed. Signal state may not be durable. Check disk space and storage errors.
WAL Disk Pressure	tidaldb_wal_lag_bytes > 1000000000	Warning	WAL exceeds 1 GB uncompacted. Compaction may be stuck or checkpoint is failing.
Signal Backlog	tidaldb_signal_hot_entries > 4000000	Warning	Signal ledger over 80% of the 5M entry budget. Cold entry trimming will begin at 5M.
Degraded Ranking	tidaldb_degradation_level > 0	Warning	Load-based degradation is active. Ranking quality is reduced to protect latency. Scale up or reduce load.
Session Leak	deriv(tidaldb_active_sessions[5m]) > 0.03 AND tidaldb_active_sessions > 100	Warning	Active session count trending up. tidaldb_active_sessions is a gauge, so deriv() (slope) is correct — rate()/increase() are invalid on gauges and never fire. Agents may not be closing sessions.
High Rate Limiting	rate(tidaldb_rate_limited_total[5m]) > 100	Info	Sustained rate limiting. Review agent rate limit configuration or reduce write volume.
Tantivy Segment Bloat	tidaldb_tantivy_segment_count > 30	Warning	Tantivy has many unmerged segments. Text syncer may be stalled.
Cluster Peer Ship Stall	deriv(tidaldb_cluster_peer_acked_seqno[2m]) == 0 AND tidaldb_cluster_peer_ship_queue_depth > 0	Critical	A peer stopped accepting batches while events queue behind it (partition, dead peer, or paused sender). Check /cluster/status and heal.
Cluster Quorum Lag	tidaldb_cluster_relay_last_seq - tidaldb_cluster_relay_durable_seq > 10000	Critical	A majority of the replica set is not confirming durability (down/partitioned followers, or follower apply throughput exhausted). ack=quorum writes will 503; the bodies name the laggards.
Quorum Timeouts	rate(tidaldb_cluster_quorum_timeouts_total[5m]) > 1	Warning	ack=quorum writes are timing out (retryable 503s). Sustained timeouts = a laggard region or an over-budget replication.quorum_timeout_ms for the deployment's RTT. Elevated timeouts while relay_durable_seq (the commit index) holds steady and followers report healthy = the ReportApplied frontier pushes are being lost (packet loss / a pre-m11p3 leader) — followers WARN applied-frontier report failed on the first failure of a streak.
Cluster Write Shedding	rate(tidaldb_cluster_write_pool_rejections_total[5m]) > 100	Warning	Sustained 429 shedding on the cluster write path. Raise write_workers/capacity or reduce offered write rate.
Election Churn	rate(tidaldb_cluster_elections_started_total[5m]) > 0.1	Warning	A node keeps starting elections — flapping links, an over-tight election.leader_lease_ms, or a partial partition. Cross-check tidaldb_cluster_leader_changes_total.
Divergence Quarantine	tidaldb_cluster_divergence_quarantined == 1	Critical	A node fenced itself from the data plane after detecting a divergent suffix. Since m11p5 it auto-reseeds on its next boot; if the latch persists, the reseed is not completing — check tidaldb_cluster_reseed_required and the snapshot path.
Reseed Pending	tidaldb_cluster_reseed_required == 1 for > 10m	Warning	A node has latched the reseed marker but has not completed a snapshot reseed. Expected briefly after a quarantine or a behind-a-compacted-leader restart; a persistent latch means the snapshot fetch is failing (no reachable leader, capability gate, or staging fault).
Snapshot Pin Force-Drop	increase(tidaldb_cluster_snapshot_pin_force_drops_total[1h]) > 0	Warning	A staged-snapshot retention pin was force-dropped past the hard cap — a joiner started a reseed and never released (died mid-fetch). The dropped pin protects compaction; the stranded joiner must be re-driven or removed.

Grafana Dashboard Suggestions

Row 1: Health overview

• tidaldb_health_ok (stat panel, green/red)
• tidaldb_uptime_seconds (stat panel)
• tidaldb_degradation_level (stat panel, thresholds at 1/2/3)
• tidaldb_info labels (stat panel showing version + build hash)

Row 2: Signal throughput

• rate(tidaldb_signal_writes_total[5m]) (time series, signals/sec)
• tidaldb_signal_write_latency_us histogram (heatmap or quantile panel)
• tidaldb_signal_hot_entries (gauge, threshold at 4M/5M)

Row 3: Durability

• tidaldb_checkpoint_age_seconds (time series, threshold line at 300)
• tidaldb_checkpoint_failures_total (stat panel, should be 0)
• tidaldb_wal_lag_bytes (time series)
• rate(tidaldb_wal_compacted_segments_total[5m]) (time series)

Row 4: Index health

• tidaldb_tantivy_indexed_docs (stat panel)
• tidaldb_tantivy_segment_count (gauge)
• tidaldb_usearch_vector_count (stat panel)
• tidaldb_usearch_index_size_bytes (stat panel, bytes format)
• tidaldb_bitmap_index_cardinality (stat panel)

Row 5: Sessions

• tidaldb_active_sessions (time series)
• rate(tidaldb_closed_sessions_total[5m]) (time series)
• tidaldb_session_auto_closed_total (stat panel)
• rate(tidaldb_rate_limited_total[5m]) (time series)